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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different varieties can produce distinct flavors. Find out more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica which is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a tangier, more tart flavor profile and are frequently used in blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the world's most popular coffee, making up 75% of the global coffee bean production. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta. They also come in different flavors. The aroma and taste of a cup of coffee can differ in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and methods of processing employed to produce it.

The word "coffee" derives from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are fruit seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were energy-rich after eating these berries, and the cultivation of coffee soon spread across the world.

coffee beans for sale beans can be grown at high altitudes and thrive in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is believed to be the best tasting kind of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on sourcing their arabica beans ethically, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers and sustainable cultivation practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique specialty coffees that are suitable for various brewing methods. Blending can be used to control the flavour, aroma and body as well as the acidity of the coffee and is often preferred in order to create an even and consistent taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most coveted type of coffee bean around the world. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. However, these acids could cause oxidation in the premium coffee beans brewing process and may result in undesirable flavors.

The plant is more resilient than the arabica, and can grow in less favorable environments. It is able to withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sun. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a more cost effective crop to grow.

While it might seem contradictory Robusta beans are typically mixed with arabica to create coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag it's likely that there's also some robusta.

The majority of roasters utilize a mix of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs and ensure quality coffee beans. To preserve the flavor integrity you must select an excellent bean from a reliable source. This can be achieved by purchasing the beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped, which makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a unique aroma that is fruity and floral with subtle smoky undertones. They are paired with other types of coffee beans to give them a more rounded and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans can be found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They can be grown at low altitudes and withstand humid, hot climates. They also have a much better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta.

These attributes make them ideal to grow at home. Online, you can purchase seeds from numerous sources. However, it's ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils with a pH that is moderately acidic and adequate annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different variety of coffee bean. It was previously classified as a distinct species, but has now been reclassified as a Liberica variant. These oval-shaped coffee beans are found on large coffee plants that reach 20-30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. They have a distinct flavor that is both fruity and tart and has made them a sought-after choice in house blends. They have a lighter aroma and higher caffeine content that is lower than Arabica or Robusta however they have a unique depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most popular kind of coffee beans Excelsa beans aren't so easy to locate as Arabica or Robusta. In fact they were considered to be an individual species of coffee plant until 2006 when they were changed to an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. These days, they're mostly grown in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's coffee production. These coffee beans are shaped as teardrops and are dark and mysterious in taste. These beans are often used to give blends extra body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruit.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are known for their sweeter flavor. They thrive at high altitudes and have warm, tropical climates. They also have a bit of acidity. When roasted and brewed properly they may be flavored with notes of nuts, chocolate, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most popular coffee in the world and accounts for about 40% of all coffee consumed in the world. Robusta beans are smaller and more round however, they contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two types and have an earthy, woody taste.

Once you've mastered the four most commonly used types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select your perfect brew. If you're looking for a silky soft, delicate flavor, go for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.