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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a fan of coffee you're probably aware that different beans have different flavor profiles. Find out about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are one of the varieties of Liberica that is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter flavor profile and are often used in blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most well-known coffee in the world with 75% of all global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are more mild and sweeter than Robusta, and they come in different flavors. The flavor and aroma of coffee can be affected by the conditions in the conditions it is grown and the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word meaning berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized by eating fruits. The cultivation of coffee quickly spread across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and are capable of flourishing in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is considered to be the most delicious kind of coffee bean coffee.

Many specialty coffee beans coffee shops and roasters are focused on the ethical source of arabica beans. They focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique signature coffees that are suitable for various brewing methods. Blending allows control over the aroma, flavor and body as well as acidity of coffee. It is generally preferred to achieve an even and balanced taste that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most widely used type of coffee bean that is grown worldwide. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. However, these acids can cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and may result in undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, and can thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and does well in direct sun. It is faster growing and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a more cost-effective plant to grow.

While it may seem counterintuitive, Robusta and arabica beans are often blended to create premium coffee beans blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on the bag of coffee, it's possible that there's also some robusta.

The majority of roasters make use of a mix of arabica and coffee beans to reduce costs and preserve quality. To preserve the integrity of flavor you should select the best quality beans from a trusted source. This can be achieved by purchasing your beans direct from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped which distinguishes them from other types of coffee beans. They have an aroma that is fruity, floral and smokey. They are often added to other types of coffee beans to provide them with a more rich and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They can grow in low altitudes and withstand hot, humid climates. They also have a better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for home-growing. You can find the seeds on the internet from a variety of sources, however it's best to purchase them locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee plants are fertile, deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH as well as sufficient annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different kind of bulk buy coffee beans bean. It was previously classified as a distinct species, but has been classified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans with an oval shape are grown on large coffee plants that can reach 20-30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their distinctive taste is sweet and tart, making them a popular option for blends that are house-made. They are also lighter on flavor and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta and Robusta, yet they have an unusual taste.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most popular type of coffee beans Excelsa beans aren't quite as easily accessible as Arabica or Robusta. In fact they were considered to be an individual species of coffee plant until 2006 when they were changed to a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the global production of coffee beans types. The beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape, and an eerie, dark taste. They are frequently used to give blends extra body and a rich, tart taste of ripened fruits.

Arabica beans are the most sought-after, and are renowned for having a the most delicious taste. They thrive best at high altitudes, and they thrive in warm tropical climates. They also have a bit of acidity. When roasted and brewed correctly, they can have notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is an almost identical choice to Arabica and accounts for around 40% of the world's coffee. These beans are smaller and rounder however they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have woody and earthy overtones.

Now that you've learned the four most common types of coffee beans, it's time to choose the perfect coffee. If you prefer smooth and delicate flavors opt for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.