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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso employs precise pressure and amazing filter technology to make the coffee we love. What exactly is it?

espresso home machine is made by forcing hot water under pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to that of making drip coffee machine espresso. However the pressure is the primary difference.

The Head of the Group

The group head is the portafilter you place in the espresso maker when making it. It disperses water in the portafilter, and controls the pressure of the extraction. There are several different types of group head, each with their particular advantages and drawbacks. Some focus on temperature stability, others on pre-infusion capabilities, while others are designed to control the lever. There are even some that have a combination of features, like the E61, which is to be the most popular among baristas because of its ability to offer multiple benefits in one package.

As you can see from the photo above the group head is fitted with several notches. You can place your portafilter in these notches, then twist the head to secure it. A gasket made of rubber is positioned in the notches to make a seal when you insert your portafilter. The notches on the head allow for an exact placement of the portafilter, which is essential for an even extraction.

Aside from allowing you to easily insert your portafilter, the group head is also responsible to maintain an even temperature. This is achieved by cycling hot water around the portafilter and through the brew basin, ensuring that the temperature is constant to extract the coffee. It is important to realize that even a small deviation can make the difference between a decent and a excellent espresso.

The Pump

In contrast to manual piston machines which use a lever to pressurize water, Rotary espresso machines rely on motorized pumps to provide the nine atmospheric bars of pressure needed for espresso extraction. This pressure is generated by pumping water through a heat exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are generally less expensive and last longer than piston-driven machines. However, both types of machines may degrade due to overuse and poor cleaning. Pumps are also more complex mechanically, which could increase the cost of even simple models.

Some retro espresso machine machines make use of steam pressure instead of a pump for brewing espresso. This could lead to over-extraction since the boiler that produces steam also causes the water to boil. In addition, these machines frequently have to restore their pressure between cups, which takes time and energy.

A majority of espresso machines utilize a rotary or vibration pump. A vibration model uses the vibrating disk to create pressure, while a rotating model pushes hot water through the ground at a rapid speed. Both models are capable of producing excellent espresso, however the rotary models are quieter and more durable than vibration pumps.

The Boiler

The boiler is the component that heats the water to the ideal temperature to extract. The steam created reaches the portafilter, which is the container that holds the espresso coffee grounds. It is then funneled into the cup. During this process, the steam creates pressure to push through the grounds of the coffee. This results in a whipped-up the top of the espresso. This is one of the hallmarks of a good espresso.

There are three kinds of espresso makers, and they differ in the kind of pump they use and how hot the coffee is. There are different ways to control the brew and the size of the cup that can be produced by the machine.

The earliest espresso machines were steam-based. They utilized one boiler to create steam and brew, however, the pressure they could produce was not very high - two bars of atmospheric pressure maximum. This led to the coffee tasting burnt and bitter. The modern espresso machine was developed by the Milanese makers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most well-known espresso machine is a semiautomatic one with an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they imagine these machines. Semi-automatic machines require you to grind and tamp your beans yourself however the pump controls the water flow and pressure. This is an excellent compromise between human control and mechanised consistency.

The Filter

Espresso machines usually have filters that separate the grounds of coffee from hot water. The filter is also a vital component of the machine's temp control, as it prevents overheating.

It also improves flavor, as it allows for a longer bloom time. This helps the beans release their flavors and provides an opportunity for better extraction.

It is important to remember that even the most efficient filter could result in a poor cup of coffee. The quality of the beans, and the extraction process, are still very important.

This is where the magic happens, it's what makes an espresso really taste great. The grouphead (also called the brewhead) is where you put the portafilter, which is the thingy used to place the coffee grounds into, while making espresso.

Steam-driven espresso machines use hot water that is heated in an airtight container to produce steam. The steam then moves hot water through the coffee grounds under high pressure. These kinds of machines are generally less expensive and simpler to maintain than pump-driven models. They are however limited in their ability for creating the ideal brewing conditions as they only operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, compressed air pump-driven Mini espresso machine machines have been gaining popularity. They use an air-compressor to force hot water through the ground. They are also more mobile than electric steam-driven espresso machines.