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How Does Machine Espresso Work?

Machine espresso uses precision pressure and incredible filter technology to produce the coffee we love. How exactly does it work?

To make an espresso, hot water is forced under high pressure through finely ground coffee. The process is similar to making drip coffee. However, it is the pressure that makes the main difference.

The Group Head

The group head is the portafilter that is inserted when you are making espresso. It is responsible for dispersing the water into the portafilter, and controlling the pressure of the resulting extraction. There are many different types of group heads each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Some are specifically designed for stability of temperature while others are specifically designed to handle pre-infusion. Others are made to control the lever. Some come with a combination of both, such as the E61. This is a very popular choice for baristas because it offers multiple advantages in a single package.

As you can see in the image above, the group head has numerous notches that you can place your portafilter and twist it with your hands to secure it. A gasket made of rubber is positioned within the notches to create a seal as you insert your portafilter. The notches on the head permit an exact position of the portafilter which is necessary for a consistent extraction.

In addition to allowing you easily place your portafilter in, the group head is also responsible for maintaining an even temperature. It does this by circulating hot water through the brew basket, and around the portafilter, making sure that it is always at the right temperature for extraction. This is vital, because just a few degrees could mean the difference between good and excellent espresso coffee machines.

The Pump

In contrast to piston machines that are manually operated, which use a lever to pressurize water, the rotary espresso machines use motorized pumps to deliver the nine atmospheric bars of pressure that are required to extract espresso. This pressure is built up by pumping water through a heat exchanger and then through the ground coffee.

Pumps are generally less expensive and last longer than piston-driven machines. However, both kinds of machines can degrade due to excessive use and inadequate cleaning. They also increase the complexity of mechanical systems and can lead to the cost of even the most basic models.

Certain espresso machines utilize steam pressure instead of a pump to make espresso. The drawback is that the same boiler that produces steam also increases the temperature of water to the point of boiling and can result in excessive extraction. Additionally these machines are often required to rebuild their pressure between cups, which takes time and energy.

Many espresso machines make use of either a vibration or rotary pump. A vibration model makes use of an oscillating disk to create pressure, while a rotary model pushes hot water through the ground at a high speed. Both machines produce great espresso, but rotary machines are more stable, quieter and less likely bean to cup espresso machine break down.

The Boiler

The boiler is used to heat the water to the ideal temperature to extract. The resulting steam is then transferred to the portafilter containing the ground espresso coffee and is then pumped into the cup. During this process, the steam creates pressure that pushes through the grounds of the coffee. This results in a layer crema that is then poured over. This is one of the hallmarks of a good espresso machines home.

There are three types of espresso makers, which differ in the kind of pump they use and how hot the espresso is. There are different ways to control the brew and the size of the cup that can be produced by the machine.

The earliest espresso machines were steam types. The first espresso machines were steam-type machines. This led to the coffee tasting bitter and burnt. The modern espresso machine was designed by the Milanese manufacturers Luigi Bezzerra & Desiderio Pavoni.

The most common espresso machine is a semiautomatic with an electric pump. When people think of espresso machines, they think of these machines. With a semi-automatic machine you must grind the beans and tamp them yourself but the pump controls the flow of water and pressure. This is a great solution that combines human control with mechanized accuracy.

The Filter

Espresso machines usually have filters that separate the coffee grounds from the hot water. The filter is also a vital component of the machine's temp control, as it helps prevent overheating.

It also aids in flavor, since a filter allows for a more prolonged bloom time. This allows the beans to release their flavor and also allows for better extraction.

However it is crucial to remember that even a high-quality filter could result in a bad cup of coffee, because the quality of the beans and extraction is still crucial.

This is where the magic happens. It's what makes espresso taste great. The grouphead, also referred to as the brew head, is the place where the portafilter (the container you place the coffee ground into) is placed when you're making espresso.

Steam-driven espresso machines use hot water heated in an airtight vessel to create steam. The steam then pushes hot water into the coffee grounds under high pressure. These machines are cheaper and are easier for the user to maintain than pumps-driven models. They are however limited for creating the ideal conditions for brewing, as they operate with 1-1.5 bar of pressure. The perfect shot requires 9-10 bars.

In recent years, espresso machines driven by a compressed air pump have become increasingly popular. They utilize an air compressor to push hot water across the ground, and are more mobile than electric steam-driven espresso machines.