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Depression Treatment Advancements

While effective treatments for depression are available, researchers are working on new and better ways to treat the condition. This special Research in Context feature will examine some of these depression treatment advancements.

Psychotherapy helps ease depression symptoms by teaching people skills to handle negative thoughts and feelings. Talk therapy can be performed one-on-one with a health professional or in group settings.

Precision mental healthcare

The term "precision" means bringing greater precision or accuracy to prevention, diagnosis and treatment methods. In the case of mental health, this can mean many different approaches, from medications to psychotherapy. However the majority of these approaches tend to focus on the effects of the disorder instead of the root causes. This can lead to treatments that do little more than ease symptoms but they do not tackle the root causes that lead to mental illness in the beginning.

Fortunately, the field of precision mental health is rapidly advancing. It's similar to the method taken in other areas which includes continuous monitoring of vital indicators (e.g. fever or blood pressure) into clinical practice. It also involves combining multiple data sets and utilizing machine learning to help doctors understand the unique requirements of a patient and develop more efficient treatments.

One example of precision psychiatry is the use of EEG to monitor brain activity and help doctors assess the ability of a person to engage in cognitive behavioral therapy. Another example is a new class of drugs called NMDA receptor antagonists, which could block the glutamate neurotransmitter from reaching certain brain cells and reduce symptoms of depression. Another possibility is the use of pharmacogenetic tests to determine interactions between genes and drugs and prevent undesirable side effects.

In addition, a lot of companies are exploring digital precision psychiatry, which uses objective digital technology to monitor patients remotely and gather real-time information that can guide the care they receive. For example, one company is using artificial intelligence to monitor compliance and optimize dosages for their patients suffering from depression. These types of solutions could be used to dramatically increase the accessibility and efficiency of mental health care and improve patients' adherence to treatment.

Digital precision psychiatry, specifically it is a way to help people suffering from mental illness overcome barriers to treatment, especially those who are employed. For instance one Johnson & Johnson initiative in Singapore is partnering with organizations to support the re-integration of people recovering from depression into their workplaces and communities. This will allow them to keep their jobs, which is crucial to recovery from mental illness.

Medication

Many people suffering from depression find that medication can help relieve their symptoms, especially if they're experiencing severe or disabling symptoms. Antidepressants can restore the balance of neurotransmitters within the brain which are chemical messengers that regulate mood and emotion. Most antidepressants focus on one of these neurotransmitters, boosting levels of serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibits (SSRIs), like Prozac and Zoloft increase the amount of serotonin in the brain. SNRIs such as Cymbalta, Effexor and Cymbalta are able to target both norepinephrine and dopamine. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors like Wellbutrin target only dopamine and norepinephrine.

Most doctors recommend antidepressants as an initial treatment for depression, in conjunction with some kind of talk therapy. Some of these therapies include cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) which can help improve feelings and thoughts by teaching specific skills or psychotherapy for interpersonal relations (which is focused on improving relationships). Other treatments, like electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have also been proved to be effective in treating depression.

However, some people do not respond to the initial medications prescribed by doctors. About one-third of people suffering from depression treatment history do not feel relief from the initial medication they take and 40 percent of people who start using antidepressants quit within three months. Recent research has allowed doctors to determine which medication is most effective for a person through blood or MRI tests to identify which receptors are most affected by depression.

The way we treat depression has improved over the last few years, with a wider range of options and higher dosages to minimize negative effects. Newer antidepressants like esketamine, brexanolone and Nefazodone are effective in reducing depression symptoms.

Clinical trials are being conducted on other drugs which could alter the way they are used. A drug called Vorapaxar is currently being studied on humans. It targets a different part of the brain that is which is a source of depression, by blocking NMDA-receptors. It's scheduled to be available by 2024. Another drug that has shown potential is a combination ketamine and bupropion, which could be more effective at treating depression resistant to treatment.

Psychotherapy

Psychologists have identified certain factors that cause depression. These include imbalances of the neurotransmitters serotonin as well as norepinephrine. These chemicals play a vital role in regulating mood emotions, moods and brain function in general. Medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors are the main treatment options. They can help alleviate many of depression-related symptoms, including depressed feelings and fatigue, and increase appetite, sleep, and energy levels. However, they aren't without side effects that can make them unsuitable for certain people.

Psychotherapy can help address the root causes and help individuals cope with depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy and ketamine therapy are two types of therapy that have been proven to decrease depression and anxiety treatment near me symptoms. Additionally, psychotherapy can aid people in developing a healthy coping style and manage stressors. Cost, scheduling restrictions and a lack of mental health professionals can hinder access to psychotherapy. Telehealth services have improved access for many people.

Finding the right treatment combination is the key to beating depression. It may take up to 12 weeks to determine whether your medication is effective. The use of medication alone may not be enough to alleviate all your symptoms. There are a variety of nonpharmacologic treatments available including repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation. These therapies employ electromagnetic fields in order to improve mood and stimulate the brain's chemical.

It's important to collaborate closely with your healthcare provider, whether you're looking to try therapy or medication. Discuss your thoughts and feelings about the risks and potential side effects associated with each option. Find a service that can meet your requirements if you are having trouble establishing trust with your therapist or doctor. A provider who offers a free trial period can also be a good option, as it offers you the chance to test different methods before committing. You'll eventually discover a method which works for you and makes you feel better.

Brain stimulation

In just a few years scientists have discovered new natural ways to treat depression to target specific brain areas and change their function quickly. These techniques can be utilized to treat depression treatment diet and other mental disorders, and also for some physical ailments.

rTMS is a technique which uses electromagnetic pulses to stimulate brain activity. It is similar to the magnetic pulses that are used in MRIs, but is not powerful enough to cause seizures. The technique is based on stimulating a specific part of the brain using a painless magnet. The pulses change the way that your brain processes and allow you to feel better. The therapy can take just 3.5 minutes and doesn't interfere with your normal activities. You may experience a slight headache following the treatment.

Another treatment involves implanting electrodes into the brain to send electrical pulses. Deep transcranial stimulation (deep-TMS) is a treatment that has been used to treat OCD and to quit smoking cigarettes. Initial studies suggest that it may reduce depression symptoms in some individuals. It's not known how this treatment works, however, it seems to alter the balance of certain neurotransmitters.

Other forms of noninvasive brain stimulation are also advancing as well. For instance, a recent study found that patients suffering from severe depression who were resistant to antidepressants, responded to a magnetic treatment called SAINT. It is individualized to each patient's specific brain anatomy and employs high-dose magnetic pulse patterns. The treatment is delivered within a couple of hours, whereas previous treatments needed daily sessions over several months or weeks.

Researchers employed fMRI technology to pinpoint precisely the brain region that was being stimulated by each patient. They also examined the tiny differences in the activation of the various brain regions, which helped them determine the direction of the signals. They found that in patients suffering from depression the brain's anterior cortex cortex was sending signals to an area called the subgenual cingulate cortex. These messages were usually not directed correctly. The more severe depression, the more signals were sent in the wrong direction.