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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
In addition to learner-internal influences, CLKs' awareness of the need to be pragmatic and the social ties they could draw on were significant. RIs from TS & ZL, for example were able to cite their relationships with their local professors as a major factor in their decision to stay clear of criticizing a strict professor (see examples 2).
This article reviews all local published practical research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on the most important pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The test for discourse completion is a commonly used tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also a few disadvantages. For example the DCT cannot take into account cultural and personal differences in communicative behavior. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. Therefore, it must be carefully analyzed before using it for research or for assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful instrument to study the connection between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. The ability to alter the social variables that are relevant to politeness in two or more steps can be a strength. This feature can be used to study the effect of prosody in various cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is one of the most effective tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to study numerous issues, like the manner of speaking, 프라그마틱 체험 추천 (Mypresspage`s recent blog post) turn-taking and the choices made in lexical use. It can also be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners their speech.
A recent study used a DCT to assess EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were presented with a variety of scenarios to choose from and then asked to select the appropriate response. The authors found the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal, such as videos or questionnaires. Researchers warned, however, that the DCT should be used with caution. They also recommended using other data collection methods.
DCTs are usually created with specific linguistic requirements in mind, such as content and form. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of the test designers. They are not always precise and could misrepresent how ELF learners actually respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research on alternative methods of measuring refusal competence.
In a recent study DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared with those from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and used less hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study explored Chinese learners' choices when it comes to using Korean using a variety of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) Metapragmatic Questionnaires, Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked for reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, 프라그마틱 정품확인 and their decisions were influenced by four major factors that included their personalities, 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료 multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data was analyzed first to determine the participants' actual choices. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were compared with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine if they were a reflection of pragmatic resistance or not. Additionally, the participants were asked to justify their choice of pragmatic behavior in a specific scenario.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트 z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and Z tests. It was discovered that the CLKs frequently used euphemistic responses such as "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language which resulted in an inadequate knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to converge towards L1 varied depending on the DCT circumstances. In situations 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs revealed that CLKs were aware of their logical resistance to every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days after participants completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribing, and then coded by two coders who were independent. The coding was an iterative process, in which the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of the coding process are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine how well they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior.
Interviews for refusal
One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is the reason why learners choose to resist pragmatic norms that native speakers use. A recent study sought to answer this question by employing a range of experimental instruments, including DCTs, MQs, and RIs. Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2 levels. They were then invited to an RI where they were asked to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the patterns of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could create native-like patterns. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatism. They attributed their decision to learner-internal variables such as their personalities and multilingual identities. They also spoke of external factors like relational affordances. For example, they described how their relationships with professors facilitated a more relaxed performance in regards to the intercultural and linguistic rules of their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and punishments that they might face if they flouted their social norms. They were concerned that their native interlocutors might perceive them as "foreigners" and think they were unintelligent. This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should consider reassessing the usefulness of these tests in various cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will allow them to better understand the impact of different cultural environments on the pragmatic behavior and classroom interactions of students in L2. This will also assist educators to develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy.
Case Studies
The case study method is a research strategy that utilizes deep, 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험 participatory investigations to investigate a specific topic. This method makes use of multiple data sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents to support its findings. This type of investigation can be used to analyze complicated or unique issues that are difficult to other methods of measuring.
The first step in the case study is to clearly define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will allow you to identify what aspects of the subject must be investigated and which ones can be skipped. It is also helpful to read the literature on to the topic to gain a better understanding of the subject and place the case study in a broader theoretical context.
This case study was based on an open source platform, the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study showed that L2 Korean learners were highly susceptible to the influence of native models. They were more likely to choose incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations of prompts, which were not based on accurate pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency of adding their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This also lowered the quality of their answers.
Additionally, the participants in this case study were primarily L2 Korean learners who had attained level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their second or third year at university and were aiming for level 6 for their next test. They were asked to respond to questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness.
The interviewees were presented two situations, each involving an imaginary interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to select one of the following strategies to employ when making a request. They were then asked to provide the reasons behind their decision. Most of the participants attributed their rational opposition to their personality. TS for instance stated that she was difficult to talk to and was hesitant to ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they had a heavy work load, even though she believed native Koreans would.
In addition to learner-internal influences, CLKs' awareness of the need to be pragmatic and the social ties they could draw on were significant. RIs from TS & ZL, for example were able to cite their relationships with their local professors as a major factor in their decision to stay clear of criticizing a strict professor (see examples 2).
This article reviews all local published practical research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on the most important pragmatic topics including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The test for discourse completion is a commonly used tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also a few disadvantages. For example the DCT cannot take into account cultural and personal differences in communicative behavior. The DCT can also be biased and result in overgeneralizations. Therefore, it must be carefully analyzed before using it for research or for assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations, the DCT is a useful instrument to study the connection between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. The ability to alter the social variables that are relevant to politeness in two or more steps can be a strength. This feature can be used to study the effect of prosody in various cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is one of the most effective tools to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to study numerous issues, like the manner of speaking, 프라그마틱 체험 추천 (Mypresspage`s recent blog post) turn-taking and the choices made in lexical use. It can also be used to assess the phonological complexity of learners their speech.
A recent study used a DCT to assess EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were presented with a variety of scenarios to choose from and then asked to select the appropriate response. The authors found the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal, such as videos or questionnaires. Researchers warned, however, that the DCT should be used with caution. They also recommended using other data collection methods.
DCTs are usually created with specific linguistic requirements in mind, such as content and form. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of the test designers. They are not always precise and could misrepresent how ELF learners actually respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue calls for more research on alternative methods of measuring refusal competence.
In a recent study DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared with those from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs favored more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and used less hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study explored Chinese learners' choices when it comes to using Korean using a variety of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) Metapragmatic Questionnaires, Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked for reflections on their evaluations and their refusals to participate in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, 프라그마틱 정품확인 and their decisions were influenced by four major factors that included their personalities, 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료 multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relationship affordances. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
The MQ data was analyzed first to determine the participants' actual choices. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were compared with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine if they were a reflection of pragmatic resistance or not. Additionally, the participants were asked to justify their choice of pragmatic behavior in a specific scenario.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and 프라그마틱 슬롯 사이트 z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and Z tests. It was discovered that the CLKs frequently used euphemistic responses such as "sorry" and "thank you." This is likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language which resulted in an inadequate knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences to diverge from L1 and L2 norms or to converge towards L1 varied depending on the DCT circumstances. In situations 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms - and L2-pragmatic norms while in Situation 14 CLKs favored convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs revealed that CLKs were aware of their logical resistance to every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days after participants completed the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribing, and then coded by two coders who were independent. The coding was an iterative process, in which the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of the coding process are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine how well they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior.
Interviews for refusal
One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is the reason why learners choose to resist pragmatic norms that native speakers use. A recent study sought to answer this question by employing a range of experimental instruments, including DCTs, MQs, and RIs. Participants comprised 46 CLKs and 44 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2 levels. They were then invited to an RI where they were asked to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not conform to the patterns of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they could create native-like patterns. Furthermore, they were clearly aware of their pragmatism. They attributed their decision to learner-internal variables such as their personalities and multilingual identities. They also spoke of external factors like relational affordances. For example, they described how their relationships with professors facilitated a more relaxed performance in regards to the intercultural and linguistic rules of their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and punishments that they might face if they flouted their social norms. They were concerned that their native interlocutors might perceive them as "foreigners" and think they were unintelligent. This concern was similar to those voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the norm for Korean learners. They may still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should consider reassessing the usefulness of these tests in various cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will allow them to better understand the impact of different cultural environments on the pragmatic behavior and classroom interactions of students in L2. This will also assist educators to develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consultancy.
Case Studies
The case study method is a research strategy that utilizes deep, 프라그마틱 슬롯 무료체험 participatory investigations to investigate a specific topic. This method makes use of multiple data sources, such as interviews, observations, and documents to support its findings. This type of investigation can be used to analyze complicated or unique issues that are difficult to other methods of measuring.
The first step in the case study is to clearly define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will allow you to identify what aspects of the subject must be investigated and which ones can be skipped. It is also helpful to read the literature on to the topic to gain a better understanding of the subject and place the case study in a broader theoretical context.
This case study was based on an open source platform, the KMMLU leaderboard [50], and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study showed that L2 Korean learners were highly susceptible to the influence of native models. They were more likely to choose incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations of prompts, which were not based on accurate pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency of adding their own text or "garbage" to their responses. This also lowered the quality of their answers.
Additionally, the participants in this case study were primarily L2 Korean learners who had attained level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at their second or third year at university and were aiming for level 6 for their next test. They were asked to respond to questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness.
The interviewees were presented two situations, each involving an imaginary interaction with their interlocutors and were asked to select one of the following strategies to employ when making a request. They were then asked to provide the reasons behind their decision. Most of the participants attributed their rational opposition to their personality. TS for instance stated that she was difficult to talk to and was hesitant to ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they had a heavy work load, even though she believed native Koreans would.
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